Apollinarius and His Teachings Essay -- Religion History

Apollinarianism is the heresy, which denied the completeness of Christ’s humanity named after Apollinarius of Laodicea born circa 312 –315 who became a bishop of Laodicea in 360. Originally, a supporter of orthodoxy against the Arians, his Christological teaching becomes a heresy among scholars, at a synod in Rome in 374-80 and by the Council of Constantinople in 381. The Christology of Apollinarius is summarised as, one hypostasis, one physis, one prosopon and one energia (activity). The intention of this essay is to examine the background of Apollinarius and his teachings. It will also look at his main opponents Gregory of Nazianzus and Gregory of Nyssa. Background: Apollinarius of Laodicea is the last of the great extraordinary thinkers of his time influenced by Hellenic position. Apollinarius was a man of great learning influenced by his father a grammarian also called Apollinarius. His father left his hometown and settled at Berytus as a schoolmaster, and later had moved to Laodicea. Apollinarius formed friendships with influential figures in early church society such as Epiphanius. If Apollinarius was not born in the faith then he had been a Christian for many years. He was then ordained priest at Laodicea. He was familiar with classical literature and wanted his son Apollinarius born between 312 and 315 to have a good education. Not much is known about the life of his son Apollinarius of Laodicea he was enthusiastic to the formulation of the Nicene faith and was left to develop his theological theories, during his life time he made many works which have now perished. The works, which are available to us, are heretical and are just a small proportion of his entire works. Later this city became his Episcopal ... ...t recurring argument against his Christology. â€Å"It was man’s rational soul, with its power of choice, which was the seat of sin†; if the word is un-united with a human rational soul then the salvation of mankind is not achieved. Works Cited Dà ¼nzl Franz, A Brief History of the Doctrine of the Trinity in the Early Church, 2007, London. Grillmeier Aloys, Christ in Christian Tradition, Volume 2, Part one, 1987, Oxford. Grillmeier Aloys, Christ in Christian Tradition, Volume 2, Part two, 1987, Oxford. Kelly J. N. D., Early Christian Doctrines, 2008, London. Raven Charles E., Apollinarianism, 1923, Cambridge. Sellers R. V., Two Ancient Christologies, 1940, London Stevenson J., Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 1989, London. Norris R. A. Jr., The Christological Controversy, 1980, Oxford. Addis & Arnold, Catholic Dictionary, 1951, London.

Dbq Essay on Geographies Affects on the World

Geography DBQ The ancient world is very unique, and in some ways tough to figure out. The hardest part of solving the mysteries of ancient times is getting in the minds of the people living back then. No one can completely understand the full effect of a regions geography on the shaping of civilization. The only way we can fully comprehend a civilizations reliance on geography is by reading into it. Through documents and maps we can start to understand the impact geography had on a civilizations economical, spiritual and agriculture development.Agricultural is the easiest thing to crack when trying to figure out the development of a city in ancient times. Maps provide the best information on a regions geography, it gives knowledge of possible places where humans could’ve used certain skills to their advantage or to invent new techniques to use against the downfalls of a certain area. An informative map of present day china educates the general public on the physical qualities of a region (2). This document is unprejudiced because it is a map, it was created to simply show people what China looks like, it’s facts. he reason for The Legend of Yu was to entertain the public by creatively explaining how rivers and seas were created in China (4). This is a fictional story, therefore it is biased. Spodek’s map in The World’s History is informing readers on where some of the most abundant crops and animals could be located around the world (8). Although nothing can be proven completely, this map is a very good piece of work present-day historians can use. The map in document 9 is very informative and educates the public about the fertile crescent, the mesopotamian area, located in the middle east (9).Unbiased and proven, this document, along with the three other ones mentioned are just a few examples of ways scholars may be able to investigate further into the agriculture of ancient times. Economy of cities in ancient times is a little toug her to figure out. Since everyone from those times is dead, the only way to even get any information is by reading saved documents from those specific times. Although the economies of cities have changed drastically through times, some current systems were used back then. The tough part is figuring out how those systems were created. Proven, informative statistics such as those in doc. ne, reveal to the public some of the ways people back then survived when it came to gathering food and figuring out ways to make everyday living a little simpler (1). People back then had to create some type of tools in order to get dinner and survive everyday. In the Epic of Gilgamesh the author attempts to entertain his readers by telling a story about a leader who forces is people to build a wall in order to protect them from attacks (3). Nobody wanted their city to be taken under control by someone else, even in present day we do everything we can to protect where we live. eography can really infl uence the successfulness of keeping your city under control and safe from others. Building new structures such as temples and houses was greatly affected by geography. The picture of Mohenjo daro displays the structures built there and educates the public on what common buildings looked like (6). Mountains, rivers, land, all these can affect the success of an economy. You never know what could happen and although ancient people didn’t have all the technology we do to predict disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis, their ability to manage without it is very inspiring.One bad thing and a whole city could be destroyed. Figuring out the geographical impact on spirituality is by far the most difficult thing to figure out. Ancient people could only pray to Gods to protect their land. The author of â€Å"Hymn of the Nile† is thanking the Nile river for doing all the wonderful things it has done, although this document is biased it is still very appreciative (5). People be lieved and still do believe that praying and thanking gods will result in good things happening to them. Praying for rain, or good crops, or many animals was not something new.In a criticizing tone, followers of Jesus accused the public of taking advantage of God’s generosity of gifts that don’t even belong to them (7). Because of the fact they can’t prove people are taking advantage and they’re just basing these accusations off of their beliefs, this document is biased. I’m not sure if we will ever be able to have a complete understanding of the affects geography can have on the development of a civilizations economical, agriculture and spiritual lives, it won’t stop historians from investigating. There is so much out there to learn about and the deeper you dig, the more you find.

Cat Vs. Dog Essays - Cat, Dog, Poodle, Litter Box, Pet, Cat Behavior

Cat Vs. Dog Essays - Cat, Dog, Poodle, Litter Box, Pet, Cat Behavior Cat Vs. Dog The Cat Versus The Dog There comes a time in most everyones life when he or she decides to buy a pet. Some people go for the unusual and choose a bird, snake, or rodent. Most people, however, decide on the more common four-legged creatures like a dog or cat. Dogs and cats are very different animals and they have different attitudes, needs, and habits. Understanding these differences can help in the process of choosing between them. For unwavering love and loyalty, not to mention protection, a dog is the choice. Dogs will not question authority, and they will, after some training, do exactly what they are told to do. There are many species of dogs, and they come in large, medium, and small sizes. Smaller sizes like poodles and bichons for people who just need an extra friends and bigger dogs like rottweilers and mastiffs for those who are in need of further protection. Dogs require a lot of attention, and they will make sure their owners are aware of it. They need to be watched constantly and must be taken regularly for walks, because, as most owners know, a dog cannot be trained to do his business in a litter box. A dog will, however, respond instantly to his owner's every wish and will lie at or on that owner's feet anytime, anywhere. A dog is very much like a child in that it cannot be left alone in the house for too long. It will get bored easily and can, without too much effort, make your house look as if a tornado were just there. On the other hand, for ease of care, or peace and quiet, cats can be a better choice. Cats will not question authority; they wont even listen to it. There are many species of cats, but their size will generally be the same for all breeds. They will only sleep on the bed if they want to, and will sleep at whichever end they choose. Cats are quite independent, and they do not require much attention over and above regular feeding and regular cleaning of the litter box. It is a comfort to the owner to know that the cat is simply there, and although a cat rarely responds to an owner's call, it will show affection by nuzzling or rubbing with its entire body. The purring sound a cat makes when it is content is one of the few indications of its love. Perhaps to compensate for their reticent nature, cats grow up quickly and are able to amuse themselves all day while their owners are away. They will only make a mess of the house if they are upset or sick. Cats and dogs make wonderful pets, and they both give many years of companionship. They are soothing to the soul, and they teach responsibility. The decision regarding which to choose, then, is one of duty. The pet owner must decide how much effort he or she wants to put forth. If a loyal, loving pet and trustworthy companion is desired, the dog is a good choice. If, conversely, quiet and low maintenance is more important, a cat is a better choice.

Sound and Music in Video Games essays

Sound and Music in Video Games essays As with film, television, and other primarily visual media, sound and music are often the forgotten elements in video game design. That may be because sound affects humans more subtly than splashy visuals. In fact, often times the mark of superior sound design is that one does not consciously notice it. Instead, it goes to work on ones subconscious-heightening tension, manipulating the mood and drawing the player into the game world. This essay is an exploration into video game sounds: how time and technological development has changed them, as well as what is involved when creating a video game soundtrack. A BRIEF HISTORY OF SOUND IN VIDEO GAMES In 1972, Pong the first video game which includes sound comes onto the market. Six years later the game space invaders hits arcades with its menacing, paranoia-inducing soundtrack. It is an example of simple, effective sound design; the thumping audio track actually accelerates in tempo as the enemy invaders draw nearer and move faster. The following year Asteroids another arcade game employs a similar sound technique to achieve the same results. At the beginning of the 80's PacMan makes its debut. The game boasts many memorable sound and music elements; for example Pac-Man dying blinking out which has become the universally accepted sound of "defeat". A year later Donkey Kong comes out with its award winning sound design composed on a small electronic keyboard. In 1985 the Nintendo Entertainment System enters the market with, first, Tetris whose infectious Russian soundtrack adds greatly to the puzzle game's enduring appeal. Followed by Super Mario Bros. whose soundtrack will forever be engraved on the minds of its players which took the first step towards interactive music with a constantly shifting tone to match the action on screen. In 1987 the Legend of Zelda as well as...

Training essays

Training essays One of the most comprehensive studies conducted on the effectiveness of online education indicated that cyberlearners performed significantly better than those in classrooms (Navarro 1999). The study compared two groups, consisting of 200 undergraduates at the University of California, enrolled in the Introductory Macroeconomics course: one in the traditional classroom, and the other, through cyber learning, with the use of a set of multimedia CD-ROM lectures. The cyber group was also given many electronic equipment tools, including an electronic bulletin board linked to a discussion room, with access to an electronic testing center, which was a At the end of the course, both groups were subjected to a common exam, wherein the cyber learners scored 15% higher than the traditional learners, regardless of gender, ethnicity, academic background, computer background or academic aptitude (Navarro). This finding came in the midst of criticisms hurled at online education from traditional classroom teachers. Political pressure has also been vented against a virtual university that deterred its expansion plans. Despite this, online educators believe that online learning has very bright prospects if courses are designed well and if the approach includes multimedia lectures, interactive communication opportunities and electronic testing (Navarro). While it is acknowledged that cyber courses are too many and only present a sort of digitized textbooks, some subjects appear to be far more suitable for learning online than in the traditional method. These are courses taught in large classes in large lecture halls but scanty interaction with the professor or lecturer, such as economics, mathematics, chemistry and Training at work is also evolving as the nature and body of work become more refined, employees must receive a minimum of 40 hours of training a year and that functions mus...

Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Review - Article Example It provides a succinct description defining the features of single-subject research. It also explains the criteria for determining when single-subject results are appropriate for establishing evidence-based practices. Using the Scientific Merit Rating Scale to quantify the study, the writer would assign a rating of two. The study gives participants sufficient description to enable the comparison of characteristics such as disability, age, and gender. The research gives accords operational precision to dependent variables. Collection of data is on reliability and meets IOA levels of minimum standards. For instance, Kappa is 60 percent and IOA is 80 percent (NAC). The research design gives at least three experimental demonstrations at intervals of three points. It also provides replicable precision on baseline conditions. The dependent variables have social importance. The research provides operational precision to dependent variables. A procedure generates a quantifiable index for the measurement of every variable. One can also notice that measurement of dependent variables takes place repeatedly over time (Horner et al., 2005). There is validity of measurement of dependent variables. The writer can use the SMRS to rate the dependent measure at two. The study describes independent variables with replicable precision. Through the control of the experimenter, the study systematically manipulates independent variables. There is high desirability of overt measurement for the independent variable. The measurement relates to the fidelity of implementation of independent variables (NAC). The authors would give the study a SIRS rating of four because of an almost perfect implementation of basic procedures. Single-subject research has a sufficient description of individuals. The existence of few participants enables proper analysis of each one of them. One can compare individuals based on

High-tech tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

High-tech tools - Essay Example The uses of high tech tools have changed such situations. On the other hand, these high technology tools have created various presentations that have negative impacts on teens. For a long time, the use of high technology tools have created a controversy since many people believe that high tech tools are beneficial to human beings; while other people believe that they have several negative impacts. Therefore, this paper shall seek to explain some of the negative impacts brought about by high technology tools. It will also explore how these negative effects can be minimized. Naturally there are some people who not believe that high technology tools have negative impacts on teens. This is attributed to the fact that high technological tools have made life easier, as well as improved the lives of human beings. For instance, it has improved the manner in which people communicate with one another. From mobile phones to social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter have improved the inter action and communication between people. Additionally, an individual can book for accommodation in a hotel without necessarily going there. All these are ascribed to high technology tools. ... While discussing the negative effects of high technology tools on the teens, we will begin with issues that are related to the use of mobile phones. The rate at which young people have adopted the use of mobile phones in various parts of the world is extremely impressive. However, the uses of mobile phones have been realized to cause certain issues of concern. For instance, some people hide behind this technology to save themselves from emotionally stressing actions such as ending relationships (Campbell 2). Sociologists have argued that teens prefer to send text messages, instead of making calls when talking about awkward or emotionally stressing situations that can impact on their capacity to interact amongst themselves. Bullying is one of the negative impacts of using mobile phones, especially cyber bullying. The teens create these phenomena by texting when they cannot express the same sentiments face-to-face (Campbell 4). These will in the end lead to increased anxiety, depressio n, psychosomatic symptoms, worst still even suicide. The consequence of this issue is yet to be investigated but it is said that cyber bullying has a great impact compared to face-to-face bullying. When the abuse is done verbally, the victim might not be in a position to remember the exact words used, but when text messages are sent to the victim; they have a collection of the abuses and can read them several times. These could turn to be more concrete and seem real compared to the spoken words. Mobile phone use has also been found to be problematic in schools. One main trouble caused by use of mobile phones in schools revolves around the way students use them to rely on their parents when solving