Social Science Research

spectrophotometery essays

spectrophotometery expositions The reason for this lab try is to comprehend the employments of spectrophotometry. This trial focuses on the employments of the spectrophotometer, and utilizing this instrument to explicitly decide the retention range of a cobalt chloride arrangement, a galactose arrangement, and to decide an obscure centralization of a galactose arrangement. Present day scientists habitually utilize the estimation of light assimilation to decide centralization of synthetic compounds. The procedure is called spectrophotometry. In any case, why is light retained? Light might be just dispersed by particles, yet this is critical to the estimation of genuinely assimilated light. Light is the piece of electromagnetic radiation to which the natural eye is touchy. Light is vitality, and when consumed by a synthetic it brings about an adjustment in vitality levels of the compound. The vitality of light relies upon its frequencies. Longer frequencies, for example, infrared, have less vitality than shorter frequencies, for example, bright. An atom will assimilate light vitality when a frequency precisely coordinates the vitality distinction between two vitality conditions of the particle. A spectrophotometer utilizes the transmission of light through a particular answer for decide the convergence of a solute inside an answer. It depends on a straightforward structure of passing light of a known frequency through an example and estimating the measure of light vitality that is transmitted. The structure of a solitary shaft spectrophotometer includes a light source, a crystal, an example holder, and a photocell. Associated with each are the fitting electrical or mechanical to control the enlightening power, the frequencies, and for transformation of vitality got to coherent information that can be recorded, which is known as a voltage variance. This voltage vacillation is shown carefully and recorded for additional investigation. The entire thought of spectrophotometery deciding the convergence of a compound is ba... <!

Using the xat Essay Topics List

Using the xat Essay Topics ListA xat essay topics list should help you find essay topics that will let you express your ideas clearly. With your essay topics list, you can concentrate on writing the essay and not worrying about finding essay topics. The choice of essay topics should be based on your understanding of the subject matter.There are some good methods for finding essay topics and I suggest that you take advantage of these methods. If you are already in school, then you will be able to use your professors' lists of essay topics. You will be able to check your professor's topics before you go into the class and you may find some good topics on your own. Another method is to use the resources available on the Internet.You can use a free search for essay topics by clicking on the box marked 'find' next to your topic and then typing in your topic. You will be shown the list of sites that offer the topic and you can check the things that interest you. You will also be able to se e if the topic is recommended by another student or if it is a popular topic. This will allow you to narrow down your search if you want to write an essay on a particular topic.One great way to write an essay on a topic is to read through several different topics. This will give you ideas and information on different topics. Once you have read several topics, you will probably find one that interests you. After you have written your essay, you will be able to follow the directions of the article.When you have found one topic that interests you, then you will need to plan your essay. You will need to research and discuss your topic and this can be done in several ways. Some people prefer to write about what they have learned or experienced in school. Other people like to write about things that they have learned from the internet.This should make it easier for you to write your essay. Once you have your topic in mind, you will need to start planning for your essay. The first thing yo u will need to do is to write down your topic and this will be your foundation. As you research topics and other essays you will find that there are some really great topics.There are many different opinions on how to write an essay. A good place to find some ideas is from friends and family members. After you read several essays and write a few yourself, you will be able to choose the topic that will best suit your needs.The first step in choosing essay topics is to get started. The next step is to read and write about your topic. After you have your topic and have written a few essays, you will find that using the xat essay topics list will be your best friend.

The Government And Its Infringement On Privacy - 2092 Words

Melissa Wilson 6/6/16 Doran Gemini English 103 Final Exam Paper The Government and its Infringement on Privacy Is anyone’s private information contained in their cell phone actually private? Are appointments, bank information, conversations, the user’s location or other sensitive personal information truly confidential? Is there a Big Brother watching? There is no definitive answer to any of these questions. From the beginning of time to now, privacy has become more and more scarce. Through new developments in technology, it is hard to believe that someone is not watching your move at any given moment. The government’s job is to keep Americans safe, but where is the line drawn? Where is the difference between having a reasonable doubt and accessing information solely because these government officials have the power to do so? The government has infringed upon the rights of the American people when it comes to this topic. As human beings and citizens of the world, everyone values their privacy. It is a right that is often looked over and taken for granted by most. Since th e beginning of time, there have been concerns about individuals’ rights to privacy and their personal information remaining confidential. Our founding fathers had concerns about this which is why, â€Å"†¦this right has developed intoShow MoreRelatedThe Government And Its Infringement On Privacy1902 Words   |  8 PagesThe Government and its Infringement on Privacy Is anyone’s private information contained in their cell phone actually private? Are appointments, bank information, conversations, the user’s location or other sensitive personal information truly confidential? Is there a Big Brother watching? There is no definitive answer to any of these questions. From the beginning of time to now, privacy has become more and more scarce. Through new developments in technology, it is hard to believe thatRead MoreGovernment Infringement On Right And Privacy1005 Words   |  5 PagesBrad Tulkki Cisewski ENGL 1202-14 15 March 2017 Government Infringement on Right to Privacy According to Vice President Mike Pence, â€Å"The Patriot Act is essential to our continued success in the war on terror here at home.† (Brainyquote). Politicians across the political spectrum overwhelmingly agree that the Patriot Act is a necessary measure to protect the citizens of the United States from the imminent threat of terrorism.   After the terror attacks of September 11th, 2001, fear filled the emotionsRead MorePrivacy Infringement by Surveillance Technology1042 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology trends, the government has started to store the public database and the other activities through internet i.e. the government is trying to switch over e-governance. But inspite of such development and advancement, the surveillance technology is in the controversy of infringement of the individual’s privacy. So, the presentation will cover the perspectives on how the surveillance technology has infringed the individual privacy. The paper has 4 parts, meaning of privacy and how the conceptRead MoreExclusionary Rule And The Rule Of Law1385 Words   |  6 Pagesalways factor in the provisions of criminal procedure and natural justice when cross-examining offenders. In light of this, the exclusionary rule allows a defendant to argue his case if his privacy rights were violated before arraigned in court. In essence, the provisions of the exclusionary rule prevent the government authorities and machinery such as FBI and CIA from gathering evidence from an individual in a manner that disrespects the United States constitution. Therefore, the exclusionary law protectsRead MoreInformation, Personal, And Social Media1303 Words   |  6 Pagescorrect for an employer or the government to be able to access someone’s personal information. This includes, but is not limited to, as outlined in Charles J. Sykes essay, medical information, personal e-mail correspondence, social media account information, a personâ₠¬â„¢s voice mail, what you have stored on your computer, and your credit reports (Sykes 19). Some argue that this is an infringement on a person’s right to privacy while others argue that businesses and government officials have the right andRead MoreHow Can Data Controllers Improve The Right? Essay862 Words   |  4 Pages2014) The court also makes data controllers accountable as to guarantee the balance between individual s rights to privacy versus the public s right to information. This of course is not simple to accomplish, the court set of parameters generates millions of uncertainties in finding the proper equilibrium to the parties involve. How can data controllers harmonize the right of privacy vs. the freedom of speech and information? How can data controllers set the most responsible criteria to deal withRead MoreEssay on Human Rights, War and Terrorism1226 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica in Iraq and Afghanistan is a continuous infringement of their rights to life, peace, self-determination, just to mention a few. The United Nations Charter provides in its Article 2(4) that all members shall retrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ No country should invade another country or overthrow their government. No country should position itself as theRead MoreMedicare Privacy in Australia1161 Words   |  5 Pagesof optimizing the quality and efficiency of health delivery through electronic communications and information technology to ensure the right health info at the right time and place in a manner that privacy is secured. This initiative was highly regarded as a major achievement of the incumbent government upon its complete realization. Upon its initiation this was forwarded to the Senate Community Affairs committee and known as â€Å"Healthcare Identifiers Bill (HI)† as proposed by Ms Nicola Roxon, MinisterRead MoreCase Study Essay example681 Words   |  3 Pages1. Assume ParaWorld was eventually ordered to cease and desist due to IP infringement. What category of IP has ParaWorld most likely infringed? Explain the actions that constitute such an infringement. (5 Marks) 2. What are some of the anti-competitive behaviours SesamWare might be guilty of? How did/might SesamWare’s behavior adversely affect free market competition upon which international trade depends? ( 5 Marks) 3. Is there an international law governing Sesame’s behaviour? How willRead MoreMass Surveillance : A Questionable Activity Essay1052 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 11, 2001 people’s eyes from all over the world were witnessing one of the most dramatic events that was broadcast live. This major terrorist attack was followed by many, and lead our governments to take drastic measures to prevent as much as possible this kind of situation to happen again. Privacy did not become the first priority for the authorities, safety was. When Edward Snowden released through media classified National Security Agency’s documents regarding global surveillance among

Through Out Many Generations Of Children, One Thing Educators

Through out many generations of children, one thing educators always questioned was why some students understood material and why others couldn’t. Since education is based off of factory line work, educators should’ve seen why some were successful and others weren’t. While most students pushed forward after a setback, others got scared and were afraid to push. The best way to foster success and tackle student anxiety is by pushing the idea of grit since grit is a great way of motivating students to push forward and reach their goals. What is grit you may ask. Grit, according to Angela Duckworth of Philadelphia University, â€Å"girt is passion and perseverance for very long term goals. Grit is having stamina, grit is sticking with your†¦show more content†¦Staying on track of assignments is beneficial element that comes from the motivational side of grit. How is someone gonna achieve their goals if they don t work to achieve them? Angela states,  "grittier kids are most likely to graduate†(Ted Talk). Based on this, Angela suggests that gritter kids will graduate. How does this happen? Because they are motivated, staying on track of assignments will come as second nature to the student. In the beginning of their high school career, some students find themselves slacking on work since in most high schools there is a lot more freedom than in junior high. Due to poor progress some students get the notification from administration that they are not on track to graduate. Instantly some student feel the pressure and get to work because they are motivated to graduate. As for the others they continue on. Graduation day comes, those who pushed themselves get their degree wit flying colors as for others they don’t get their degree. Besides the lack of motivation found in classrooms one other thing that has recently been on the rise is the level of anxiety students are feeling towards anything having to do with education. M any wonder why and ask questions but one thing that comes to mind is that in education we know how to measure IQ. IQ is basically the measurement of how quickly someone a learn something or do assignments or even process material. It can also lead students to feel dumb.Show MoreRelatedSpecial Education And The Benefits Of Technology1639 Words   |  7 Pagesdisabled and gifted children use their full learning abilities. Many special needs children work in regular classrooms for most of the school day. These students also work with specially trained teachers for part of each school day. These teachers work with helping them to overcome their disabilities. These sessions are usually held in a classroom called a resource room. A resource classroom is usually equipped with materials such as braille typewriters, special computers and many other useful resourcesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of James Hikins And Richard Cherwitz s Piece The Engaged University Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pag esof knowledge through rhetoric. As time has gone by the way education has shifted from the growth of a person and the general joy of learning new things about the world, to obtaining as much knowledge to pass an exam. Hikins and Cherwitz strive to surround education on straying away from today’s perspective of education to focusing on students generating their own intellectual ideas with others in order to solve real world issues. They stress the importance of the younger generations’ perspectivesRead MoreThe Education Field And Attending School945 Words   |  4 Pageshas become one of the biggest money making distributors out there in America for profit. Throughout my journey in the education field and attending school, I’ve learned many of the best practices of how children should be taught. Becoming an educator has become simplistic and simpleminded due to the changes in how the curriculum is implemented into the classrooms. Today’s society is takin g education for granted. Education is a basic human right and helps build the development of children, communitiesRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching Mathematics1545 Words   |  7 Pagesbased upon the belief that the curriculum should be centered on the students. My job as an educator is to provide the students with a variety of knowledge, and to help them achieve their goals; to make sure they reach their full potential. When working with children, it should never be about the teacher. It is all about the individual children and their needs will always be a first priority. As an educator, I have mixed feelings about Common Core Mathematics. I was not originally taught to thinkRead MoreMy Life At Present Time Value881 Words   |  4 Pagespondering on one question: What does the future hold? I had never thought of it in the way that he explains it during his presentation, but now I have endless ideas as to how to help the â€Å"future† become successful. Whenever I am asked about what I am going to college for, I always answer that I want to be a preschool teacher. While a lot of the people nod and say that is a great career to go into, others ask if I will be satisfied with the pay. Which leads to this question: Does our generation at presentRead MoreEvery Individual Has Goals Whether It Be Personal Or Career1628 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant goal than any other things. They always pursue such their goal, and to some degree, I have to agree with the reason why people pursue such their goal. However, I think that my most important goal is qui te far from such goal which ordinary people pursue. I said that because recently I had to evaluate myself on what I really wanted to accomplish and why? Then I realized that my most important goal is attaining my Master degree. I know am on the right path to carry out my goal on becoming a betterRead MoreMy Teaching Philosophy1217 Words   |  5 PagesElementary, where children have been stereotyped as uncontrollable little brats, Middle School, where the students are depicted as uncontrollable, rebellious students, or High School, oh gee whiz? I have decided that I would pursue a career in Elementary School. The grade level I hope to teach is at the elementary school level. My current goal is to either teach the 4th or 5th grade level. Moreover, throughout the semester I have read about or seen different philosophies through the observations IRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education878 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Philosophy of Education After taking the Educational Philosophies Self-Assessment test, I was able to figure out my referencing scores for my ideal logical instructional principles believed rational of the classification of educational archetypes. The areas of greatest influence in my philosophy of education included Humanism with a total of 21 points, Perennialism and Existentialism with 18 total points in those areas. Essentialism was second with 16 points and Reconstructionism recordRead MoreSocial Prejudice in Schools1738 Words   |  7 PagesIn my report, I am going to talk about the social prejudice that occurs in the schools between students and also teachers. Children from middle-class families generally are more successful in public schools than children from low-income families. Is the school system responsible for this problem, or is lower performance among low-income children a result of their home environment? The home environment has a big role in a childs education and if it is not supportiv e of the school environment, theRead MoreRacism, By Stephen Brookfield1286 Words   |  6 PagesRacism is being unknowingly taught to the younger generation. Individuals are not born being racist they naturally adhere to what they perceive to be right. Discrimination can be cultivated based on a person’s surroundings. Children’s minds are poisoned with hatred towards someone that is of the opposite race. Children are blind to racism, they are blank canvases when they first start out in the world. It is not only until someone or something introduces the idea that the color of skin makes him

Menu Evaluation in Restaurants Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Menu Evaluation in Restaurants. Answer: Introduction Menu plays a key role in the success of any restaurant. A menu consists of various foods, dishes and wines that a given restaurant offers. Menu presentation matters a lot as the design a restaurant adopt speaks more of the restaurant operations (Ozdemir and Caliskan, p. 9). Some customers can judge a restaurant based on the menu presentation. When preparing a menu therefore, some factors such as scale of function, staff, time, facilities, capital, occasions and type of customers you are targeting should be put into consideration. Menu planning is not an easy task and the management should thereby consider menu psychology, types and the suitability of the developed menu in relation to their target customers (Reynolds et al., p. 6). Putting these factors into consideration can give one a competitive advantage given the field of food services is growing tremendously and competition is very high. A Hereford Beefstouw is one restaurant that has invested much on menu planning. It is located on Hutt Street, Adelaide South Australia and its meals are appetizing and amazing. Many online reviews have commended this restaurant explaining how their services exceeded their expectations. This paper therefore, discusses menu presentation strategies, menu psychology, different types of menu, factors affecting menu planning process and sustainability of the menu based on management decisions. Menu evaluation Menu is a common thing to find in any restaurant. However, the presentation of the menu is key to satisfying your customers needs and wants (Thomas and Mills, p. 5). Creating a memorable menu requires careful planning. Menu is a tool for internal marketing and sales of meals and beverages to the customers. They can be printed and placed on every table on the restaurant or hanged on the walls. Many restaurants also have their menu on their website and due to technology many advertise on restaurant screens. Once a customer reads the menu, it influences on what to order as well as the amount they are going to spend. Strategic planning of the menu ensures appropriate design by putting menu items strategically and thereby maximizing on sales revenue. A Hereford Beefstouw has structured its menu in the most efficient way by indicating various kind of meals they offer, starting from the Starters, Lunch, Main courses, Extras, desserts and coffee as well as childrens Menu. On top of this, they indicate days as well as the hours when they serve every meal including price of each category. For instance, they dont offer lunch on Sundays and therefore, customers can plan themselves hence avoiding wastage of time. The restaurant is shaking the whole Adelaide area by offering Grass-fed meats which is served in a blonde-wood Scandinavian-style space. The restaurant offers quality steak and awesome wines. The design and art is just amazing as they work with renowned designers and artists. Customers can select various meals from their wide range of menu depending on what they want. Types of menu A La Carte Menu- The dishes available are arranged in courses with each meal priced separately. This kind of menu offers the customers with wide range of dishes to choose from. There is waiting time since food is ordered first then cooked. Table Dhte Menu- The set menu comes with set price (Mirzaei et al., p. 777). The courses are limited and every guest is served at the same time thereby reducing wastage and offering faster service delivery. Du Jour Menu- The menu changes daily. Function Menu- It is useful in special occasions such as business conventions, parties and weddings. Finally, the Cyclic Menu offers fixed meals (Cato, p. 577) generally the breakfast, lunch and dinner. Menu psychology A menu should entice your customers while communicating the restaurants personality. Menu engineering therefore becomes an important aspect in dealing with menu psychology. Eye gaze motion has seen the introduction of the golden triangle rule in menu design. Since many people tend to focus on the middle of the menu first before roaming to other areas, meals with high profit margin should be placed here (Yang, p. 1026). Color also speaks volume of words. Colors such as green, orange, yellow and red will capture the attention of the customers. Green is usually associated with fresh foods, orange is known to stimulate appetite, yellow and red are attention grabbers. A Hereford Beefstouw has maximally utilized the secret of psychology in their menu design. They have implemented the psychological ploy known as the paradox of choice in their menu (Johns et al., p. 281). Their menu always has entrees. They also use captive adjectives and lines (for example, farmers and chefs are aware that healthy, happy animals taste better) that feed the customers imagination hence tickling the taste buds. The animals they use for making their meals are 100% grass fed, free range with guarantee of no antibiotics are hormones used. Factors that affect menu planning Despite the fact that qualified chefs are needed to design a great menu for a restaurant, there are some factors that affect the efficiency and success of menu planning. First and foremost, you have to be in line with the government rules and regulations. If government has prohibited sale of a certain meal or drink, then it should not appear on the menu. Social-cultural factors also play a key role in menu planning. You should consider your location and the culture of the people. Peoples taste and preference differ (Rozin, p. 95). Some are vegetarian others prefer a certain food over another. Therefore, the management should have a background information on their customers so as to come up with a menu that accommodates everyone. Aesthetic factors and sustainability Aesthetic factors include; flavor, consistency, color, shape and texture. At Hereford Beefstouw, dishes have been known by many people to have the best flavor, texture and consistency. Reviews online have recommended Hereford Beefstouw for their perfect tasty meals, fully flavored, with great texture and color (Schatzker, p. 3). It has invested in serving the best meals ever with expressional beef in terms of tenderness and flavor. They were the first to introduce dry aged mutton and the meal is super tender, flavored and appetizing. Everything you love about lambs is here and it proves wrong any mutton horror stories you have heard about. Common menu mistakes leading to menu misinterpretation The management should diligently commit themselves in designing the menu as if they are making any other major restaurant investment decision. Inadequate managerial commitment and decisions leads to poor menu design. Hard to read menu due to poor font size selection, font style and background color as well as monotonous design (Magnini and Kim, p. 76) may lead to menu misinterpretation. There are some dishes which should be located in a spacious area to catch the attention. However, you should never overcrowd the menu. Care should be taken to avoid misrepresentation of the menu by vague information such as means of preservation, nutritional claims, brand names and points of origin. Recommendations In their menu design they should use controlled costing so as to catch more attention of the customers. Instead of using $20 for instance, they could use $19.90. This affects the psychology of the customers making them to spend more. They should also use more captivating captions and adjectives on their menu. The restaurant should increase more vegetables on the meals especially on the starters. Due to lifestyle change, many people are turning to healthy eating. It should reduce more advertising of the preservation methods on the menu. Also the restaurant should reduce indication of the source of animals and farm produce. Conclusion If every restaurant considers the menu as the silent salesperson and understand the importance of a properly designed menu, they will invest much in generating a well-crafted menu. Easy to navigate and strategic menu which tickles taste buds of the customers is all a restaurant needs. References Cato, S., 2014. Menu dependence and group decision making. Group Decision and Negotiation, 23(3), pp.561-577. Johns, N., Edwards, J.S. and Hartwell, H.J., 2013. Menu choice: satisfaction or overload? Journal of Culinary Science Technology, 11(3), pp.275-285. Magnini, V.P. and Kim, S., 2016. The influences of restaurant menu font style, background color, and physical weight on consumers perceptions. International Journal oospitality Management, 53, pp.42-48. Mirzaei, N., Mirzaei, N., Niroomand, S., Niroomand, S., Zare, R. and Zare, R., 2016. Application of statistical process control in service industry: A case study of the restaurant sector. Journal of Modelling in Management, 11(3), pp.763-782. Ozdemir, B. and Caliskan, O., 2014. A review of literature on restaurant menus: Specifying the managerial issues. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 2(1), pp.3-13. Reynolds, D., Merritt, E.A. and Pinckney, S., 2005. Understanding menu psychology: An empirical investigation of menu design and consumer response. International Journal of Hospitality Tourism Administration, 6(1), pp.1-9. Rozin, P., 1996. The socio-cultural context of eating and food choice. In Food choice, acceptance and consumption (pp. 83-104). Springer US. Schatzker, M., 2010. Steak: One man's search for the world's tastiest piece of beef. Penguin. P. 3 Thomas, L. and Mills, J.E., 2006. Consumer knowledge and expectations of restaurant menus and their governing legislation: a qualitative assessment. Journal of foodervice, 17(1), pp.6-22. Yang, S.S., 2012. Eye movements on restaurant menus: A re-visitation on gaze motion and consumer scan paths. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), pp.1021-1029.

Rebellion Against Higher Authority free essay sample

Paragraph Response Rebellion against higher authority has a big influence on the thoughts and actions of the two main characters in George Orwells novel, â€Å"Nineteen Eighty-Four†. The main characters, Winston and Julia, both get pleasure in rebelling because of the harsh oppression that their government institutes. Winston and Julia both rebel, but to different extents. Winston risks everything in his life while rebelling, because he is desperate to know why the government, also known as The Party, has executed such power over their town of Oceania. Julia, on the other hand, rebels only to gain pleasure, live in the moment, and have freedom from The Party. Winston feels very strongly about how the government runs. Even though he could be killed by the Thought Police, Winston risks thinking about how hope lies in the proles, stating that, â€Å"in those swarming disregarded masses, could the force to destroy the party ever be generated. We will write a custom essay sample on Rebellion Against Higher Authority or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Orwell 72). Even thinking a thought like that, he could lose everything he owns, but he is so against the government that he is willing to take that risk. Winston cares more about the large-scale social issues, rather than the smaller, easy to be broken rules, like Julia. Julia also feels strongly against the party, but to a lesser degree. She takes risks only to gain pleasure from breaking the small rules, like having relations with Winston, who thinks she is a serious follower of the government. â€Å"Its this bloody thing that does it, she said, ripping off the scarlet sash of the Junior Anti-Sex League and flinging it onto a bough. † (127). This shows how effortlessly she can rebel against the Party whose routine she pretends to religiously follow. Secondly, she enjoys stealing food from members of The Inner Party, like real chocolate, and coffee, which leaves Winston in awe. â€Å"How did you manage to get hold of all these things? Its all Inner Party stuff. Theres nothing those swine dont have, nothing. † (147). This proves how Julia enjoys being rebellious towards the party when it comes to breaking the small rules. Lastly, Julia pretends to enjoy Big Brothers rules of living, but really, she tries to hide her laughter while they do their routine Two Minute Hate which proves your patriotism towards The Party. She also stirred a sort of heavy envy in him by telling him that during the Two Minutes Hate her great difficulty was to avoid bursting out laughing. † (160). This final act of rebellion shows that Julia is careless and wants the freedom of having no government ruling her life. Julia is rebelling solely for the purpose of having the freedom of living without the power of the government watching over her ev ery move, every day. Winston and Julia both rebel towards the higher authority in Oceania, but to different extents. Winston has taken a more serious commitment to see that the government gets overthrown, like involving himself with members of the anti-party, or committing a thought crime by writing in his diary with negative thoughts regarding the Party. In Julias case, she just wants to get pleasure from breaking a few smaller rules, like having a relation with a man, or stealing food from members of the Inner Party of the government. This shows that the government has installed so many rules to control your life, that people have no freedom and are forced to start a rebellion in order to enjoy their life.